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2 votes
1 answer
660 views

What is magnetic variation under RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION in FAA Chart Supplement, and How to use it?

I'm going to use couple examples to ask my question: Looking at KBVY chart supplement, it says: ...
Sierra Alpha's user avatar
10 votes
1 answer
466 views

Do GPS systems in modern avionics mitigate against spoofing attacks?

There exist a number of different techniques [PDF] to mitigate (or at least detect) GPS spoofing, but the most effective techniques require access to the military-only M-code [PDF]. However, there was ...
forest's user avatar
  • 246
9 votes
2 answers
1k views

Are there two navaids on the same frequency close enough to be confused?

Several RTCA DO standards require checks for bad navaid tuning including, "In lieu of using ground-based navigation aid designated operational coverage (DOC), the system should provide, checks ...
RealAnswersNotAI's user avatar
1 vote
2 answers
335 views

Help reading a FAA departure procedure chart

I was hoping to get a few answers regarding how to read a FAA departure procedure chart. Let's take the JUDTH SEVEN DEPARTURE chart shown below: From what I can tell, it seems that the diagram in ...
TSP's user avatar
  • 269
2 votes
1 answer
148 views

What are the units for the bearing to center of an airport from radio aids to navigation in chart supplement?

Is the bearing to the center of airport for a radio aid to navigation in the chart supplement, true course, magnetic course, is it based on the VOR's radials, or is it something else?
Ryan Mortensen's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
318 views

What's the busiest airport that's not WGS-84 compliant?

Most latitude and longitude coordinates are defined relative to the WGS-84 standard, including GPS coordinates from your receiver. However, some coordinates are specified using local datums, and ...
RealAnswersNotAI's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
1k views

Is it true that there are VOR/DME and/or TACAN stations in the oceans?

Are there any VORs placed in the oceans for navigation. Is it true that VORs or TACANs are placed on ships to help oceanic flights, for example flights across the Atlantic?
samba siva's user avatar
-6 votes
1 answer
2k views

Do pilots of modern aircrafts still use maps, gps and compasses to find airports? [duplicate]

Do pilots of modern aircraft still need to navigate using maps, GPS and compasses to find airports? Alternatively do they use some sort of fully automated system that navigates the aircraft via ...
securitydude5's user avatar
14 votes
1 answer
14k views

How does the ADF null positions find where the NDB is?

I understand how it operates for the most part, although I don't understand how the null positioning works. This image below doesn't include the sense antenna that limits it to one null position, ...
ApolloMission4's user avatar
10 votes
2 answers
3k views

Why does a DME ground station wait 50 microseconds?

The FAA says that a DME ground station sends a response exactly 50 microseconds after having received an interrogation from an aircraft. For what reason is there a 50 microsecond delay?
usernumber's user avatar
  • 2,466
10 votes
2 answers
10k views

How are Victor airways defined and numbered?

I am wondering how Victor airways get determined. What determines how many 'segments' they are? For example some airways connect two VORs only, while other airways stretch across (or "connect the ...
digitgopher's user avatar
  • 5,291
27 votes
2 answers
58k views

How does ILS (Instrument landing system) work?

How does ILS (Instrument landing system) work? I know it provides guidance to the runway by two signals, one modulated at 90 Hz, the other at 150 Hz, but how the airplane lock on those signals? ...
Gabriel Brito's user avatar
8 votes
2 answers
2k views

What's the precision of a modern Inertial Measurement Unit, and how is it obtained?

This recent comment reports that: the IMU on new (plane) would localize the aircraft to within 3 feet after a cross-country flight, without any GPS input other than the starting location. I ...
fgrieu's user avatar
  • 185
30 votes
6 answers
23k views

How do airliners cross the ocean without GPS?

How do airliners cross the ocean without GPS? Do they use dead-reckoning or are there navigation aids floating out there?
flyingfisch's user avatar
  • 14.6k