The purpose of the AC/DC BAT BUS is to distribute either A/C electrical power and D/C electrical to the things in the aircraft that need them. For example, I think he whole ECAM system and displays use A/C electrical power. There are 2 of each BAT BUS (AC and DC). Do they work together so AC BAT BUS 1 and 2 work together and both distribute randomly or for example does AC BAT BUS 1 supply certain systems and AC BAT BUS 2 supplies the others. Do they have assignments of which systems to power, or do they work together?
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$\begingroup$ On some aircraft the pilot/copilot displays and instruments are powered on completely separate busses, I can't say if the A320 is like this though. $\endgroup$– Ron BeyerCommented Nov 2, 2017 at 3:14
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$\begingroup$ See What does BUS mean in the startup procedure? which describes how buses are interconnected and can be switched on/off. This is not for Airbus but the principle is the same. (BTW you could improve your question by fixing typos and uppercase.) $\endgroup$– minsCommented Nov 2, 2017 at 9:24
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You can't easily link the two AC buses together, you'd need to synchronize the phases first. And then a short on one side could cause a complete failure so you'd have to isolate them again. Way to complicated to get that failure tolerant. Instead they just use two independent AC systems. Generally each system exists twice and each one gets a different power source.
In the A320 you have two main AC buses (AC 1 and AC 2) in flight these are powered by engine 1 and 2 respectively. And there is a AC essentials bus, which is either connected to AC bus 1 or if that bus is unavailable it is connected to AC bus 2. The AC essential bus can also get power from the DC essential bus via essential transformer. So you can run the captain PFD and ND and the upper ECAM on battery power (only available above 80kts or sth. or in the air - for emergency only)
Check out the A320 "electrical system descriptions" and "indicating and recording" http://www.smartcockpit.com/plane/AIRBUS/A320.html
At the bottom of the indicating/recording systems you have a bus equipment list telling you exactly which consumer uses which bus. This is true for all other sections as well, so if you are interested in a particular system you can quickly find out where it is powered from.
According to A320 FCOM, 1.31.75 Indication/Recording Systems, Electrical Supply, Bus Equipment List
- AC ESS bus powers the captain PFD and (via AC ESS SHED) the captain ND, the upper ECAM screen, the display management computer (DMC) 1 and 3 (if selected and AC1 failed), flight warning computer (FWC) 1 and SDAC1. (and many many other things ...)
- AC 2 powers F/O PFD, ND, lower ECAM, DMC 2, FWC 2 and SDAC2 (...)
- AC 1 powers the DMC 3 normally (...)
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On A320, the essential AC bus could be connected either to AC 1 or to AC 2, there is no AC BAT BUS 1 or 2.
The DC ESS BUS is connected to BAT 2.
HOT BUS 1 is connected to BAT 1, HOT BUS 2 is connected to BAT 2.
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$\begingroup$ @fooot, thank you for the edition $\endgroup$ Commented May 30, 2019 at 17:44