Nothing.
At present, there are no serious technological plans to prevent pilots from intentionally crashing a plane. There are discussions about making sure that there are always two people in the cockpit, and at some point policies might be changed to make it easier for pilots to enter the cockpit (even if no-one in the cockpit wants them to), but ultimately we trust the pilot to do whatever necessary to ensure the safety of the aircraft (within certain bounds; see the flight envelope protection system in Airbus aircraft).
By limiting pilots' ability to control their aircraft, we seriously limit their ability to legitimately deal with emergencies. See, for example, cpast's exampleexample of one pilot having a medical emergency and the other pilot not being able to divert because they can't get approval. Even if both pilots are conscious and able, such a system would slow them down when responding to emergencies.