What are ADS-B ICAO addresses 🠪 What GLD 90 calls "ICAO addresses", are the permanent ICAO addresses assigned by registries from ICAO blocks. See sections ICAO 24-bit address overall and Permanent addresses.
What are ADS-B self-assigned addresses 🠪 AnonymousThe anonymous addresses used only on UAT channel. See section Anonymous address (for UAT only)
What are TIS-B addresses 🠪 They are permanent ICAO addresses already mentioned. Permanent addresses are used both by ADS-B and TIS-B.
What are TIS-B trackfile ID 🠪 The 12 random bits assigned to tracks by a ground stationradars for Mode A/C targets and usedwhich don't use Mode S (thus don't disclose a 24-bit address). These bits are added to create the temporary12 bits of the squawk code to build a pseudo Mode S address which can be used in TIS-B pseudo-addressesmessages. See TIS-B pseudo-address section.
Collision between the two GLD 90 ICAO addresses. 🠪 Permanent addresses are unique for aircraft but can collide because of errors when configuring the equipment. In addition ground vehicles are allowed to share the same permanent address when they are distant by more than 1,000km. See section Duplicates.
Collision between addresses of all kinds 🠪 See section Duplicates, as it cannot be summarized here.
Examples of the four types 🠪 permanent ICAO addresses are part of blocks allocated to a State registry, and not all blocks are currently allocated. Uruguay is allocated the block of addresses starting with 0xE90 (1110 10 010 000), so 0xE90AAA (1110 10 010 000 1010 1010 1010) is a permanent address for an aircraft registered in Uruguay.
For the other types, any valid 24-bit combination can be found as they are random. Nothing distinguishes them.