13
How to guess the actual name of the SID, waypoint, etc., if you have never seen it when told by ATC?
The naming is simple, from ICAO Annex 11:
2.1.2 The basic indicator shall be the name or name-code
of the significant point where a standard departure route
terminates or a standard arrival route begins.
So check where your route terminates/begins. I'm suspecting you are asking in the context of flight simulation, because otherwise you can look up ...
12
Approaches into Schiphol are usually vectored by ATC during the day (see below for night operations). This means the controllers are giving instructions to pilots depending on the current traffic, which makes it hard to say when exactly planes will overfly Egmond aan Zee.
If the Polderbaan (runway 18R/36L) is used for landing from the North (18R), planes ...
11
The missed approach is a climbing right turn to the VOR and then hold while climbing to 3000 ft. The purpose of the 360 is probably to gain some altitude before entering the hold (someone with TERPS knowledge can address this). The MSA where the hold is is 2000' and you start the missed at 390'. The right turn will be protected starting at 390' wheras the ...
11
According to the FAA's Instrument Procedures Handbook, chapter 3 (p. 3-16):
Pilots may have noticed that minimum crossing altitudes and airspeed
restrictions appear on some STARs. These expected altitudes and
airspeeds are not part of the clearance until ATC includes them
verbally. A STAR is simply a published routing; it does not have the
force of a ...
10
How to guess the actual name of the SID, waypoint, etc., if you have never seen it when told by ATC?
You can't, there is no system to them (at least no globally consistent system, airports may have a system for their own STARs and SIDs, and some countries for numbering airways, but nothing worldwide).
What is common (but afaik no law/treaty) is for STARs and SIDs to be named after the entry/exit waypoint, which can help predict which you're likely to get ...
10
If the controller issues a "climb via" SID with an interim altitude of 8,000 and then subsequently amends the altitude and states:
"Climb via SID and maintain Flight Level 240" then the altitude crossing restriction to cross INLAND at or above 14,000 still applies.
However, if the controller does not use the words "Climb Via," and instead states:
Climb ...
10
Definitions from this page.
Metering:
A method of time-regulating arrival traffic flow into a terminal area so as not to exceed a predetermined terminal acceptance rate.
Metering airport:
Airport adapted for metering and for which optimum flight paths are defined.
Metering fix:
A fix along an established route from over which ...
10
If you’re flying low and slow, in practice you’re not going to spend much time on a SID or STAR unless you lose comms. ATC would rather vector one plane (you) off the procedure so the dozen jets and turboprops behind you going twice as fast can stay on it.
Traffic is light enough now (late 2020) that if you specifically tell them you want it for the practice,...
9
"Landing south" means the planes are facing south as they land. Depending on conditions, they could come from the opposite end of the runway, and would be "landing north." This is also referred to as "south flow/operations."
If you look at a chart for the IVANE FIVE shown below, you can see why this is important. The runways at KCLT are primarly oriented ...
9
As it reads:
....on assigned transition, maintain FL190, expect filed altitude 10 minutes after departure.
If no instructions are received after 10 minutes, remind the ATC. From the FAA FAQ:
Q. I am cleared to "Climb Via SID". What if there is a published altitude restriction at a fix that is higher than the charted "Top Altitude"?
A. ...
8
The textual description for OLIVI 4W is:
OLIVI FOUR WHISKEY
On track 256° to 6.0 DME MND; RT, on track 333° to KOSAX;
LT, on track 294° to OLIVI.
Climb with 7.9% (480 ft/NM) or more until passing 3000,
then climb with 6.4% (390 ft/NM) or more until passing 6000.
However, the remarks section holds the answer:
1. PDG 7.9% (480 ft/NM) due to obstacles.
If ...
8
The "DESCEND VIA" clearance is described in FAA order 7110.65U (pdf) Section 4-5-7 paragraph h, which defines:
h. Instructions to vertically navigate on a STAR/RNAV STAR/FMSP with published >restrictions.
PHRASEOLOGY-
DESCEND VIA (STAR/RNAV STAR/FMSP name and number)
TERMINAL: DESCEND VIA (STAR/RNAV STAR/FMSP name and number and runway number).
...
8
The best answer I can give is generally, no.
In relatively few cases – for aircraft operated under Part 91 Subpart K, which applies to fractional ownership like Netjets – the operator must possess an Mspec, which would be applied for at the local FSDO. I'm not sure what that process looks like, but the FAA's Commercial Operations Branch has some good ...
8
It's a long established practice for the procedure developers to build the procedures around a theme. It helps with coming up with the necessary distinct pronounceable names for the waypoints.
My personal favorite is the RNAV (GPS) RWY 16 approach into KPSM. Flying from the IAF to the MAP and the Missed Approach Holding waypoint you fly:
ITAWT --> ITAWA -->...
7
According to the Jeppeson chart legend[pdf] those are database identifiers. I'm presuming that's what would show on a menu in the FMS.
7
Terrible question (not your question, but the test question).
As far as I can tell, there are NO altitudes on the arrival that are mandatory; everything is an "expect" altitude only.
When you are "cleared for the STELA ONE arrival", you are cleared to (required to) fly the lateral ground track, and comply with any airspeeds stated on the chart ("cross at ...
7
I cannot speak for all of General Aviation (GA), but throughout the IFR portion of my flying career I have generally used SIDs wherever available.
NOTE: This choice of using SIDs was not always mine, as ATC will often include a SID in a clearance unless requested otherwise. A pilot has two opportunities to avoid SID's if so desired: firstly, when filing the ...
7
My questions are:
1) When you enter the STAR in the the FMS, will it pre-populate the expected altitude, and does this show up in the FMS exactly the same
as a mandatory crossing altitude?
This depends on the model of FMS. Some of them don't even have Vertical Navigation (VNAV), and it really depends on the exact model. I will say that three of the ...
6
Someone else will have to comment on whether the STAR in the FMS includes the altitudes as well.
You are right, "expected" altitudes are suggestions so that pilots know about when they will need to begin their descent. Instructions from ATC are the final word, so they would either say "descend via" or specify the altitude if they were using the "expected" ...
6
It means, don't file that transition yourself. ATC may assign it, but it's their option to assign it or leave you on what you filed.
6
In my experience, I've received a climb via SID many times at airports like Las Vegas and Teterboro.
This is common at certain airports, but a lot of airports don't use it because the procedures aren't designed that way.
I think that a lot of pilots, especially those flying smaller non-turbine powered aircraft, don't receive this type of clearance ...
6
FAA
Because it is a fixed value at 18,000 feet.
ICAO-style and Jeppesen
They show the TA (and sometimes the TL) on SID charts.
ICAO Annex 4 confirms the depiction on SID charts (chapter 9):
9.9.4.1 The components of the established relevant air
traffic services system shall be shown.
(...)
5) transition altitude/height to the nearest ...
6
Some STARS are designed for specific runways (i.e. not all runways for the airport).
For example, shown below is the BASET FIVE ARRIVAL to Los Angeles. It is designed for runways 6L/R or 7L/R: (not for runways 24L/R or 25L/R)
page 1:
page 2:
6
"File what you want, fly what you get."
There's no way to know for sure what clearance ATC will give you until you actually call them. If you're departing from an airport that you know well then you may be able to make an educated guess but that won't help if the winds change, an incident closes a runway, or any number of other things happen to invalidate ...
6
The term "turbojet" in this context is used a bit more loosely. The pilot-controller glossary document from the FAA defines it as follows:
TURBOJET AIRCRAFT− An aircraft having a jet engine in which the energy
of the jet operates a turbine which in turn operates the air
compressor.
You can see this is general enough to include turbofan aircraft as ...
6
There are 3 STARs (Standard Terminal Arrival Routes) into JFK that cross over Long Island:
PARCH 3 RNAV ARR:
PAWLING 2 ARR:
ROBER 2 ARR:
(Jeppesen charts)
None of these have particularly pronounced zigzag patterns, so what you describe is probably not coming from the waypoints of the arrival procedure.
Looking at flightradar24.com, we can currently see ...
5
In 2012 South Korea presented to ICAO design issues with regard to PBN, of those design issues was the reference point for the MSA:
(...) in terms of PBN procedures, every component which is used for RNP approaches or RNP AR approaches, such as waypoint, variation, track and buffer value etc. is based on the airport reference point (ARP). Therefore, it is ...
5
Almost every major airport (Class B) would have what's called a STAR, a Standard Terminal Arrival Route. Busy Class B traffic doesn't necessarily follow a TPA (Traffic Pattern Altitude).
For runway 09, the STAR doesn't show a speed limit. Some STARs have speed limits.
But that's not to say the speed is at the pilot's discretion, as the airplane approaches ...
5
Landing south means that they will be using a southerly heading runway. I.e. landing on rwy 18 rather than 36.
The landing directions will be indicated on the STAR. For example the chart below for Charlotte.
Depending on which runways are in use the flight will take a different branch of the STAR. Since they aren't given a specific runway assignment yet ...
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