Questions tagged [weather]
Weather means the atmospheric conditions, including wind, temperature and precipitation, in a specific area at a specific time.
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Best way to forecast density altitude?
Let's say I'm planning a day trip from a low elevation home base to a warm, mountainous location. I wake up early, check the weather, do performance calculations based on current METARs, and decide to ...
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2answers
88 views
Why is the minimum for VFR 1000/3 while there are VFR weather minimums for every single airspace?
It seems like I have a concept error here. I don't understand why "the VFR min is 1000/3" when I think I would need to check in which airspace I am to then check for its respective weather ...
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3answers
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Effect of heat and humidity on take off, descent, climb, and cruise
I am aware of this question, this resource (phak), and this resource that explains the science, but I am looking for a more straightforward answer.
I am student pilot and there's a lot of literature ...
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1answer
84 views
What kind of weather conditions would produce turbulence with an intensity of 90 feet per second?
This is the official documentation that we found regarding current commercial airplane design criteria; https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/14/25.341
It says the criteria for continuous turbulence is ...
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1answer
75 views
Why does the Winds Aloft ‘For Use Time’ start before the ‘Valid Time’?
Why is it that a winds aloft forecast normally has a "valid time" that comes in the middle of the "for use" time range? Why don't they just state the valid time as the beginning of ...
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1answer
72 views
What does Region @TOP mean on the aviationweather.gov website?
When looking at raw METAR data on the aviation weather center, "@TOP" appears in the text box where you can type identifiers. What does TOP mean?
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2answers
221 views
Do airliners get substantially different weather briefings from the rest of us?
Southwest Airlines flights were delayed and cancelled this week due to an outage in their third-party weather provider. I understand if they have a streamlined business process for getting weather ...
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109 views
How can I calculate the “stability state” of air from a given set of data?
I would like to know the answer for the above question, it is about how to find whether atmosphere is stable or unstable using DALR (dry adiabatic lapse rate), SALR (saturated adiabatic lapse rate) ...
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1answer
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What is the red barb for in the NOAA weather briefing?
Wind barbs are well-defined symbols, but I noticed in my WX briefing that there are now occasional red barbs in the chart.
The red appears on both the 5kt and 10kt barbs, and sometimes for largest ...
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3answers
1k views
Can gusts be reported as lower than wind speed?
KADS 072350Z 31030G20KT 13SM SKC 24/02 A2980
I’ve never seen a negative gust factor before. Is that a real thing (and if so, what does it mean), or did someone just make a typo?
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1answer
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When was the last time the US Standard Atmosphere 1976 was updated?
I imagine due to slight changes in Earth's atmosphere or more accurate instrumentation it's been updated at least once, but also because it's understood to be a less precise model we might not have ...
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How to get an accurate time of arrival to the en-route alternate airport during flight planning?
I was thinking about accurate criteria of selecting en-route alternate (ERA) weather from ground (planning stage) especially for ERA 3% contingency flight plan.
As we all know we should care about one ...
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Can I derive the wind speed and direction? [duplicate]
If I know the IAS and GS (with directional components) of an aircraft, can I derive the wind speed and direction?
I'm working on an application that simulates the flight of an aircraft. Another ...
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1answer
70 views
What are the Requirements for the implimentation of Low Visibility Procedures at an airport?
So I was wondering if the RVR at an airport is reported above CAT I conditions for eg 1400 Meters etc but the Visibility is 50 to 100 Meters then would the pilots carry out non instrument approach or ...
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1answer
159 views
Why are the airport pressure values for “altitude” (inHg) and “sea level” (mb) slightly different on the NOAA web sites?
If one looks, for example, at the NOAA web site for Denver International Airport we see (at the time of posting this question) the Pressure/Altimeter is 29.78 inHg, the Pressure/sea level is 1006.1 mb ...
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A scenario question regarding meteorology
In the image attached, I’m struggling to find out why the answer is the way it is; maybe is me not being able to visualise it, but some help would be greatly appreciated.
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1answer
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What causes Gusty winds? ( Meteorlogy) [closed]
I was wondering why winds can become gusty. I know that gusty winds tend to be related with frontal passage. Thanks : )
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3answers
132 views
What weather should we expect when temperature and dew point are similar?
What should i expect during my flight planning when i see both temperature and dew point are the same?
I understand there will be fog but what else? could it mean icing? any difference between 20/20 ...
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1answer
82 views
Why is cloud base estimation taught in Fahrenheit?
I've seen the formula for estimating cloud base consistently presented using Fahrenheit temperature and dewpoint (for example, see PHAK 12-14; Jeppesen also teaches it this way):
$$
\mathrm{cloud\:...
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1answer
94 views
How can I calculate ambient air pressure from flight data?
I am playing around with data collected during a flight. I would like to find out the (real, not ISA) ambient air pressure for each data point, since it is not reported in the spread sheet containing ...
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1answer
102 views
How can air stability be predicted?
After several weeks of being grounded due to low clouds, I was looking forward to the cool air, clear skies, high pressure and light winds that arrived this morning as forecasted. However, there is an ...
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1answer
117 views
What is the difference between the WSUSnn IDs used in convective SIGMETs?
When NOAA issues a convective SIGMET, it falls under one of three bulletin IDs: WSUS31, WSUS32, or WSUS33. Below are three examples from the current forecast.
WSUS31:
...
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351 views
What is the difference between mist and haze in terms of relative humidity?
I am an aviation meteorologist and I struggle to distinguish the two of them.
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Where can I listen online to live VOLMET broadcasts?
Are there sites that stream live VOLMET broadcasts? I need to listen to the format but haven't have the time to put together an amateur radio.
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2answers
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What do pilots landing on aircraft carriers do when the ship is not visible due to weather?
Say an aircraft takes off of a carrier to do a mission somewhere, and upon returning to the carrier the pilot comes to find that a thick layer of fog has formed just above the surface of the water in ...
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174 views
Does DA/DH refers to ceiling?
If airport is reporting FEW001 or SCT001 and RVR is above 600m, does it means that there will be no LVO because ceiling is defined as more than 4/8 and DA/DH will be more than 100ft because DA/DH is ...
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56 views
Are AWOS data open for commercial use? [closed]
I 've found out this great website where you can get historical AWOS weather data. I would like to use it for a commercial application but I don't find any data license. Do you know if the AWOS data ...
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1answer
80 views
Where is there an FAA source that states that squall lines are non-frontal?
There's a question in the FAA commercial question bank that indicates that squall lines are nonfrontal, and the reference for the question points to the Aviation Weather Advisory Circular.
The word, &...
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4answers
781 views
Can the “G” and “VRB” wind conditions be combined in METARs?
I have never seen the "VRB" (for wind direction variations < 60°; e.g. VRB12003KT) and "G" annotation (for gusts > 10KT wind speed difference; e.g. 12003GT30KT) being combined in a METAR.
Until ...
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1answer
62 views
How would a pilot apply the information found on a 500 Millibar Vorticity chart to a flight?
The U.S. Flight Service website has these weather products listed:
I have circled the 500 Millibar Vorticity Charts. I've been a pilot for 10+ years and have never heard mention of this chart by ...
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2answers
135 views
Is AMDAR a required system on aircraft?
I was intrigued by the assertion that COVID-19 depressing commercial aviation has lead to lower quality weather forecasting
The aircraft observations are a key piece in the jigsaw of national and ...
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1answer
159 views
Does a METAR report variable wind direction in a clockwise direction?
Does the convention for reporting variable wind direction always use a clockwise (nautical) sense?
For example, if the wind varies between 340 degrees and 10 degrees, assuming a clockwise sense the ...
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1answer
89 views
Is an area of localized reduced visibility considered to be a cloud?
If there an area containing visible moisture in an otherwise clear sky and that area of visible moisture is transparent is it considered a "thin cloud" or simply a "localized area of reduced ...
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1answer
157 views
What is an approved weather source for flying an instrument approach into an airport with no working ATIS?
What can you use as viable weather information landing at an airport with ATIS inoperative due to the tower being closed after hours? Let's assume the approach secondary weather source is also ...
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2answers
2k views
Who makes the call to start in terrible weather conditions?
I once headed to the airport during a huge thunderstorm with winds above 55 knots and massive rain and some small hail. At the airport, I saw that most flights were delayed or even canceled. To my ...
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2answers
332 views
Are helicopters impacted by fog more than airplanes?
With the crash of Kobe Bryant's helicopter, it seems a lot of focus has been placed on the helicopter flying low in fog (under "special VFR"). However, I've seen several suggestions that the ...
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How far can the sound of a sonic boom travel? [closed]
Are there conditions or distances from the plane to cloud to the observer in which a sonic boom from a plane is muted?
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2answers
104 views
Why and how do atmospheric properties sometimes vary from the ISA? [closed]
I'm curious as to why sometimes atmospheric properties don't match the ISA's. One reason I am considering is due to calibration discrepancies. By atmospheric properties I mean temperature, Density, ...
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5answers
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Why did my LGA-ORD flight make an S-shaped turn round the time it was passing a storm?
On a recent United UA1709 flight into Chicago (hit by a heavy storm at the time), I felt a noticeable descent, combined with two wide banks around 1 hour before landing. Looking at the flight path, I ...
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1answer
2k views
How do pilots avoid thunderstorms at night over the pacific en route to Australia where there is no radar? And what if a large front develops?
While there is some limited radar on board for pilots, we hear that there is no radar over the ocean which is why flight locations are estimated. As the distance between the United States and ...
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1answer
477 views
What to do if trapped on top VFR?
In the event that, despite his best efforts, a VFR-only pilot has gotten trapped on top of a solid cloud layer, what is(are) the safest course(s) of action?
For example, consider a long cross-country ...
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1answer
179 views
How to avoid getting trapped on top VFR?
This question addresses whether it is legal to fly VFR over-the-top.
One of the comments mentioned the difference between safety and legality, i.e. doing so may not be safe even if it is legal (in ...
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1answer
9k views
What fomula use for calculating pressure altitude?
I'm having some trouble making my calculations of pressure altitude match those in apps and text books.
I'm using the formula from Wikipedia:
(29.92 - altimeter setting) * 1000 + airport elevation ...
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1answer
863 views
What is the difference between ACARS and ADS-B?
What is the difference between ACARS and ADS-B?
For weather information in-flight or pre-flight which one is used?
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1answer
2k views
Does the coriolis force have an effect on the direction in which an aircraft travels?
Suppose an aircraft is flying from Kenya (which lies on the equator) to UK (which lies in the northern hemisphere). Does the Coriolis force veer the aircraft to the right? Do pilots have to correct ...
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1answer
805 views
Can you continue an ILS approach when weather falls below minimum?
If, after passing the final approach fix, weather deteriorates so that the reported values are now below required minima, is it allowed to continue the approach?
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1answer
151 views
What is the reasoning behind this question about the correct altitude to avoid clear icing?
This question has been killing me for a while and it's an original PPL question:
You are approaching to an airmass with a temperature of 6 C at
10000ft. Which altitude should you be in order to avoid ...
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1answer
260 views
Why jet stream is stronger in winter?
I notice in a website taling about jetstream
https://www.weather.gov/jetstream/jet
It says:
The winds blow from west to east in jet streams but the flow often shifts
to the north and south. ...
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4answers
129 views
Can airflow reverse over the flight surfaces of a uav in high wind conditions
Can airflow reverse over the wing of a uav in high tail winds and low forward airspeed i.e 25knt fwd airspeed in a 35 knt tailwind? What would be the overall effect on the elevator and rudder? I ...
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2answers
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Approach when weather condition is below minimum
If airport weather condition is below minimum, but pilot report that flight weather condition is above minimum, Does controller can issue approach clearance to pilot?
If weather condition get worse ...
