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15 votes
3 answers
2k views

How much thrust is lost through a curved exhaust nozzle?

In modern VTOL aircraft energy is usually directed through nozzles to achieve vertical lift. How much energy is lost when changing the direction of flow in static thrust conditions?
3 votes
3 answers
321 views

How does the Urbanaero flying car move forward?

From the pictures of UrbanAero flying car: https://www.urbanaero.com/cityhawk, I can see that can achieve VTOL using the two propeller in front of and in the back of the passenger compartments. ...
94 votes
15 answers
19k views

Are wings any more efficient at creating lift, versus orienting the engine's thrust downwards?

As I understood from this article, wings on an airplane basically create lift by pushing air down. Maintaining the lift force expends energy because air needs to be continually accelerated downwards. ...
2 votes
0 answers
98 views

The cost of maintaining VTOL devices

Which device for VTOL flight costs the most to maintain for a given number of flight hours? A tiltwing mechanism? A 2D thrust-vectoring nozzle (vectoring only between VTOL position and cruise ...
1 vote
3 answers
2k views

Disadvantages of using thrust vectoring only in an aircraft with variable rotation nacelles such as the X-19

Take a quad tilt rotor aircraft such as the curtiss-wright X-19 or even a bi-tilt aircraft such as the V-22. What would be the advantages or disadvantages of using thrust vectoring only for control ...
1 vote
4 answers
762 views

How bad is the efficiency of jet engines under low loads?

VTOL operations need 4-5 times more thrust than a conventional take-off of an aircraft. If you don't want to install additional lift-engines into a hypothetical aircraft and use thrust vectoring to ...
-2 votes
2 answers
6k views

How does the F-35 hover?

The picture shows the aircraft hovering; how does it do that?