Questions tagged [approach]
The phase of flight in which an aircraft is lining up with the runway and preparing to land.
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What are Baro-Aiding and Baro-VNAV systems?
I've tried searching online as to what the architecture of these systems look like, and I can't seem to find any hardware information. And if it's not a hardware but instead a software, which software ...
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Canadian Approach Plates: Why does the minima show that DME is required but the procedure name does not?
I see so many plates that contain lines of minima requiring the use of DME, but the title does not indicate DME is required. For example, the "LOC RWY 27" approach into CYYJ. The title ...
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What is the dots before Missed App Point on the Jeppesen VOR Chart?
What is the dots before Missed App Point on the Jeppesen VOR Chart ? and also why the pull up vector before the missed approach point ? Thanks.
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GNSS approaches: Why does LNAV minima even exist? Wouldn't all aircraft fly to LNAV/VNAV or LPV minimums?
I am new to instrument flying and am trying to wrap my head around the different types of GNSS approach minimums. I am having an issue understanding why LNAV minimums exist. My understanding is, if ...
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Does U.S. ATC have the authority to clear an aircraft for a low approach along a runway at an altitude of 200 feet AGL?
In the U.S., does an ATC Tower Controller have the authority to effectively waive 14 CFR Part 91.119 (c) by clearing a pilot for a low approach who has requested to fly at 200 feet AGL along the ...
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Why does the FIX names change frequently for the approach courses for a given airport?
I have seen the name of fixes change as published in the approach plate for airports like DFW, ORD. The approach path seems to be the same. For example, sometime over the last year the FAF for 18L at ...
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Why would planes with two autopilots have just one active during cruise?
I know that the plane must have two autopilots for flying approaches, but why have individual buttons for each autopilot? Wouldn't it be easier to have both autopilots work at the same time for the ...
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What exactly is the difference between HIALS and HIALS-II lighting systems?
What exactly is the difference between HIALS and HIALS-II lighting systems? The symbols at the beginning of the runways are very different and I cannot classify them in a particular way. But in ...
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Holding ***and*** the Procedure turn
On this approach (KPRC VOR12),
Is it okay to enter holding and execute the Procedure turn? I had a discussion with another pilot who wanted to do that, and thought, "Why would you ever need to ...
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Is preplanning approach management best practice and why didn't pilots seem to do it 50 years ago? [closed]
There are lots of recreation of flights where the pilots seem to look at the approach chart and all approach considerations just before they begin their approach for the destination airport. This ...
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Reporting to ATC when losing visual to traffic?
I'm a PPL student and I recently flew to a class C airport. One of my first flights into class C, actually. Once I contacted the tower and stated my intentions, I was asked to report if I had another ...
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EASA - Legal Alternate when ILS to a specific RW is U/S
Interesting question this morning. My alternate has RW07/25; the ILS to 25 was U/S. TAF was for OVC007.
My alternate minima are:
If DH < 250 then use DH + 200. With the ILS inop, had I needed to ...
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Why do VOR A, B charts only have circle-to-land minimums, while VOR X,Y,Z charts have straight approach minimums too?
Why do VOR A, and B charts only have circle-to-land minimums, while VOR X, Y, and Z charts have straight approach minimums too? Is this the only difference and is it only used to separate the two ...
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Which one is racetrack? Isn't it a holding over VOR on the left and holding over FIX on the right?
Which one is a racetrack? Isn't it a holding over VOR on the left and holding over FIX on the right? If one of them is a racetrack, how is it different from holding? Or are they both used in the same ...
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What is MEHT (minimum eye height over the threshold)?
What is MEHT (minimum eye height over the threshold)? I can't find the definition and how to use it.
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How to fly the step-down fixes on the LOC 32 approach at Dothan (KDHN)?
From Oaldy to CABTA is 2600, then is it CABTA to KENSY down to 2200? Using Localizer only...I see the glideslope intercept says 2200 but Kensy is father up.
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Is it possible to perform a descent like the picture below which I share?
In the picture, after crossing the VOR fix aircraft does not complete a parallel holding and directly descent on the other side of the racetrack outbound track. In my opinion with Jeppesen General ...
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What are the meanings of the codes depicts in the square brackets? For example: [MDØ68]
I always see these codes inside of the square brackets with different charts. Especially I wonder about the meaning of Ø.
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Why are visual and ILS approach angles different for a Cessna 172?
NOTE: I fly in CANADA. Also, the question is specific to light aircraft like a C172.
It is known that the (standard) glideslope flown in an ILS approach is 3o to the T point[1]. However, that is not ...
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EASA Part-NCO; Approach light system
EASA Part-NCO, specifically OP.110, refers to 4 different lighting systems (NALS, BALS, IALS, FALS) to be considered when determining the landing minima. However, there are quite a few different ...
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Do these sound like plausible ATC communications (specifically in China, if that's relevant)?
Working on a small translation project that involves civil aviation. The setting is a Chinese airport. Same idea as my other question -
Do these seem like plausible radio communication dialogue ...
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Are there any TLS approaches in the US? What does a TLS approach plate look like?
I've been reading about Transponder Landing System (TLS) approaches: https://www.anpc.com/instrument-landing-systems/
What would a TLS approach plate look like? I have ForeFlight and can also get ...
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How would you enter this approach with a racetrack course reversal at EGPH from the southwest?
For reference this is the NDB ILS DME RWY 24 approach at EGPH. When arriving from the south/southwest, I am sure you would be vectored in but i am interested as to how this would be done without ...
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What is the purpose of WAAS?
Does it just help with all of the approaches like LPV and stuff? Or is it its own thing?
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Is baro-VNAV the only possible source of vertical guidance on LNAV/VNAV approach?
As written before, is baro-VNAV the only possible source of vertical guidance on LNAV/VNAV approach? I read somewhere that SBAS is also a possible source, but in that case wouldn’t it be a LPV ...
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Why do none of the procedures for EFSA use the SVL VOR-DME?
This is inspired by this question. Looking at all the approach and STAR charts for EFSA in Savonlinna, Finland, they are all RNAV. The Linna VOR-DME is not used for any of them even though it is ...
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What happens if the autopilot fails to initiate a flare?
What are the chances of autopilot failing to do a flare in an otherwise stable autopilot controlled approach and landing? Has it happened before and how was it dealt with?
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How does an Airport decide to change CAT status - what ground equipment is required for CAT I / II / III [closed]
The airport must, of course, be continuously monitoring the status of ILS, Lighting, RVR etc. From this status information, it seems logical that the CAT of any Approach can be calculated - but ...
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What’s the difference between Arrival and Approach controllers?
Some airports have two separated frequencies related to arrival.
Arrival and approach.
When I navigate to some airports that have both frequencies, I first contact the arrival controller then, at a ...
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How do flights fly on some special days when there are firecrackers bursting near the source/destination airport? [duplicate]
I mean there might be festive nights like New Year eve, when there is spectacular display of colorful firecrackers in the sky, but when there are flights descending or ascending near a city with an ...
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Can an IFR civilian aircraft use a TACAN for DME distances? [duplicate]
Flying the KRDR LOC RWY 35 approach. How do I get my DME distance to HONNE or CANLI? can we pick up DME distance from a TACAN? Just used GPS Overlay but can we get distance from the TACAN?
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Are there any U.S. airports that offer GCA (PAR/ASR) approaches?
Are there any U.S. Civilian or Joint-Use (military/civilian) airports that currently offer either/both a PAR (Precision Approach Radar) or an ASR (Airport Surveillance Radar) Ground Controlled ...
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Why do flights approaching Kabul seem to take a different route since the Taliban took over?
From a reporter on Twitter:
Nerdy question but genuinely curious:
All fights into Kabul would previously approach from the east, flying towards the direction of Nangarhar, then making a U-turn over ...
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How many degrees deviation from the defined final course can I have to start the descent?
To do a VOR, ILS or RNP approach, I am turning to establish the final approach course. The approach chart shows I should descend to a lower altitude for intercepting the final descent path.
So, my ...
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What is the reason the MDA for VOR approaches differs from the DA for ILS approaches?
What is the reason for the numerical difference between the MDA altitude in VOR approaches and the DA altitude in ILS approaches?
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Do the regulations allow DME from an expired IFR-certified GPS with an out of date database to be used for this ILS approach under an IFR plan?
Since we cannot fly an RNAV approach with out of date GPS database, the approach in question is KCRE ILS 23. Whether it was asking for V2F or the full approach starting from ASHES (which is 18.5 DME ...
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How to correct the design of an aircraft that is not speed-stable during approach?
I was just wondering if an aircraft is found to NOT be speed stable during the approach flight phase, what might a designer be able to do to stabilize the aircraft without adversely impacting its ...
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Approaching a towered airport for landing but no specific pattern entry direction from atc
Here’s the scenario that happened to me -
Flying into a busy class D, I contacted tower with the usual “XYZ tower, Warrior 12345 12 to the west at 2,500 full stop with Oscar”
They respond “Warrior ...
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What, exactly, is a final controller?
This http://www.xavius.com/ordapp.html tutorial mentions the user work song as a final controller for two runways and says that during busy periods one controller would work each runway. I’ve never ...
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What conditions must be met for Straight in Approach minimums to be published? [duplicate]
Looking at KSEE LOC-D approach, the final course is pretty much lined up with the runway. The MDA leaves you about 1200 AGL.
I'm thinking only circling minimums are published because it would be a ...
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Why do some GPS receivers suppress RAIM integrity warnings after you pass the FAF?
RAIM performs an integrity check 2NM from the FAF. If RAIM is lost before the FAF, one should execute the missed approach.
However, if RAIM is lost after passing the FAF, some GPS receivers will ...
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What are the approach speeds for each flap setting in a Cessna 152?
I am still trying to understand how the approach speeds for different flap speeds work. I cant find it in the handbook but I want to know the different approach speeds for the following flap settings:
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What does "when used as an alternate" mean in the context of 135.225(e)?
Here's the text of 135.225(e)
[No pilot may begin an instrument approach procedure to an airport unless] The MDA or DA/DH and visibility landing minimums prescribed in part 97 of this chapter or in ...
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Why would holding instructions be sent as an ACARS message?
I was browsing ACARS messages listed on an aviation enthusiast website in Greece (similar to FR24 and others), and noticed a message sent to UA124, a 767 from KEWR to LGAV:
The SAT VOR is located at (...
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Vector to final on RNAV approach with the Intermediate and final segments are not aligned
Consider the RNAV 30 approach to C83 (Byron, CA),
On a recent training flight requesting vectors for the approach, ATC pointed us to the MOVDD IF before cutting us loose (informing us that we would ...
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When can I proceed inbound in a hold in lieu of a procedure turn when cleared for the approach?
Let’s say I am holding on a published hold in lieu of a procedure turn but not yet cleared for the approach. Upon receiving approach clearance (say on the outbound leg of the hold) would I have to ...
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Why does it feel like a plane stops in mid-air during approach?
At some stage while on approach to an airport in a commercial jet, it feels like the plane is almost coming to a complete stop in mid-air. Is this maybe as a result of the flaps engaging or the ...
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Is the longitudinal extremity of an obstacle limitation surface based on the threshold or the displaced threshold?
In a case where a displaced threshold (DTHR) is present, should the longitudinal extremity of the obstacle limitation surfaces (for example, the conical surfaces) be counted from the threshold (THR) ...
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When does the FMS in the 737NG switch to approach mode?
I fly a B737-800, and we talk about when the FMS enters "Approach mode". At this point, the FMS will command the Vref (plus additive) at the appropriate flap setting. This is helpful to know ...
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Why don't flights fly towards their landing approach path sooner?
For example shown here, the flight is heading to the centre of the airport, until it gets close when it then moves into it's landing path. This is an inefficient use of time, fuel and emmissions, why ...
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