How much is an airliner's Cd, using the frontal area as reference point. I want to compare values with cars and others objects, tear drops, cube etc.
Is Cd measured at zero lift AoA or when the plane is flying in a straight line?
Is Cd measured at zero lift AoA or when the plane is flying in a straight line?
Both.
$C_D$ is a function, not a number.
The "numbers" are the partial derivatives: $C_{D_\alpha}$ measures how $C_D$ changes w.r.t. the angle of attack $\alpha$, for example.