I read about a Wikipedia article regarding the Soviet Union's Tupolev 114 which was comparable to the time's jetliners, and brought up the question: Did the Soviet Union build any jetliners for commercial use (i.e, airlines, firefighting).
2 Answers
Of course. Probably more than any other single country except the US.
Tupolev Tu-104, one of the first jetliners. For a short time, when the Comet was grounded, it was the only jet airliner flying in the world.
Tu-124, its development, the world's first jetliner with turbofan engines.
Tu-134, further development; claimed to be the world's most produced twin jet of this class (80-pax).
Tu-154, a trijet, USSR's most popular airliner. (Similar to B727 or Trident).
Tu-204 was developed in the 1980s and is essentially 'Soviet', but never saw service in the USSR.
Tu-144, of course. Although it first flew a few months before Concorde, it had extremely limited commercial (or better say, 'civil') service.
Ilyushin Il-62, a long-range jet, a relatively rare example of a quad-jet with all engines on the back (similar to Vickers VC10).
Il-86, USSR's first commercial widebody, and its later development Il-96.
Yakovlev Yak-40, a small (30-40 pax) regional trijet, the world's first in its class.
Yak-42, the first Soviet jet with high-bypass turbofan; a trijet smaller than Tu-154.
All these jets (except Tu-144 and 204) were in wide use in the USSR, and most were exported at least to the Eastern Bloc countries and beyond. Of them, only Il-96 and Yak-42 remain in limited commercial use, although more are operated by air forces and government bodies.
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1$\begingroup$ The question was specifically about jetliners. 90s are not 'Soviet Union'. The only borderline case is Tu-204, which was developed during Soviet times, but never saw service in the USSR. I did miss Tu-144 though. $\endgroup$– ZeusApr 21, 2020 at 3:57
And who can forget the TU-144, the world's first and biggest commercial supersonic transport aircraft.
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$\begingroup$ industrial espionage on the concorde..and of a much lower quality! $\endgroup$ Apr 21, 2020 at 12:49