All 747s1 have an upper deck directly behind the elevated cockpit, a legacy of the 747’s genesis as a design for a strategic-airlifter competition (the upper deck and elevated cockpit were partly to allow the use of a swing-up nose for easier cargo loading without having to disconnect and reconnect all the wiring and control cables and whatnot every time the nose was opened, and partly to keep the main-deck cargo from crushing the flightcrew in the event of an accident);2 this gives the 747 its distinctive hump and unmistakeable silhouette. There are two 747-upper-deck major versions:
- The original-length, short upper deck, used on almost all first- and second-generation 747s (the 747-100, -200, and -SP) and on all 747s built as freighters, has one emergency exit per side, and the hump begins to taper down almost immediately; as a result, the rear end of the hump ends forward of the wings (except on the -SP, whose shorter fuselage brings the hump’s rump rearward over the wing roots, even with the original short hump). On passenger aircraft, the upper deck was originally used for a first-class lounge, but was later replaced with a few extra rows of passenger seating; on freighters, it contains a few rows of seats for crew rest and carriage of supplementary/supernumerary crew, cargo-handling personnel, and nonrevenue passengers.
- The later, stretched upper deck, available as an option on the very last passenger -100s and late-model passenger -200s, and used on all -300s3 and passenger -400s and -8s,4 has two exits per side, and produces a hump that extends well back over the wing roots; it provides a considerable increase in passenger capacity for the 747s so equipped.
As even relatively-new 747s become increasingly uneconomical to operate as passenger aircraft in a world of rising fuel prices and big, efficient, ETOPS-300+-certified twinjets, many long-hump 747s are being converted for freighter service; the conversion process for these aircraft (known as Boeing Converted Freighter, or BCF, 747s) involves stripping out the main-deck seating (and ancillaries like lavatories, galleys, overhead bins, etc.) for cargo rails and tiedowns and cutting main-deck cargo doors into the fuselage. It does not, however, involve cutting the upper fuselage down to a short-hump configuration (which would be a far more involved piece of surgery than the other BCF modifications), and, as such, leaves the BCF aircraft with an upper deck that is all wrong for its new role; it can’t be used for large, containerised cargo á la the main-deck and lower-lobe5 compartments (the upper-deck fuselage profile doesn’t leave enough space, and there’s no upper-deck cargo door), and, yet, it’s far too large for carrying any reasonable amount of supernumeraries, cargo-handlers, or would-be jumpseaters.
What do operators of long-hump 747-BCFs do with the upper deck? Do they leave the seats in, on the off chance that they have to transport something that requires a LOT of handlers/escorts/whatnot? Use it for small bulk cargo (mail, parcels, checked baggage that didn’t make its owners’ flights, etc.)? Tear out everything but the front few seats and just haul it around empty?
1: ...well, except for these ones, but those are a very special case.
2: The proto-747 lost out to the Lockheed C-5, which has a full-length upper deck used for personnel transportation.
3: The -300 had no dedicated freighter version, although many passenger -300s were eventually converted to carry freight.
4: The -8’s upper deck is slightly longer than that used on earlier long-hump 747s, due to the 747-8’s stretched fuselage.
5: The space (divided by the wing centre box into separate forward and aft compartments) below the main-deck floor, which, in the aircraft’s previous passenger-carrying life, was known simply as the “cargo hold”.
known as passenger-to-freighter, or P2F, 747sP2F is an Airbus name, I recommend sticking to what Boeing calls them (BCF and BDSF), so other people can find the same question, i.e. for indexing purposes. $\endgroup$