Impossible answer...but I'll try. I owned a 1976 V35B and it cost between 15k-17k per year to own and fly 50-80hrs/yr. This range included some non-standard repair items and if I REALLY tried I could have been sub-14k but that would have required some serious owner-assisted maintenance that I just didn't have time for.
Hangar rent can range between 100 and 1000 per month. Outdoor parking can range from 0 to 200. It all depends on where you live.
Insurance is the big hurdle for many new pilots. I'd expect to pay no more than 500-800/yr for a mid range 172 and really good coverage. The 12k cited in the Mooney example for a new pilot in a medium twin is an extreme example. You won't see that.
A 172 should cost no more than 1000 for just the annual inspection. Parts and additional repairs can put you over 1k, but the inspection itself shouldn't be a bear. Most 172 owners I know escape with sub-1k bills. Shoot for 55-80/hr for labor. Now, extra parts and other uncommon (but necessary) maintenance may add to the total cost.
Budget fuel at 50hrs/yr AS AN ABSOLUTE MINIMUM. Plan for 75-100hrs/yr if you live in a humid environment (like the gulf coast or mid west). Consider this a maintenance expense. You MUST FLY the plane. Letting it sit sounds cheaper...it's not. Parts dry out, corrosion sets in, maintenance cost sky rocket. A flying plane is a happy plane.
A Cessna 172 engine (Continental 300, Lycoming 320/360) will cost a pretty penny to overhaul. 18k cited in the Mooney example is a bargain! Count on 25k minimum including removal and replacement of the engine. Spread that cost out over 2000hrs for cost planning. It's reasonable to expect a well maintained engine to run happily beyond the overhaul recommendation number (called TBO)...which is mostly just a BS number. Flying beyond TBO is standard practice; I planned to run my IO-520 up to 2500hrs if it let me. TBO for my engine was 1700hrs. Every now and then a low time engine goes bad and needs an overhaul. Ya' pays your money and ya' takes yer chances!
A fixed pitch prop is a low-maintenance item. Maybe plan a few grand for an overhauled prop if yours becomes unservicable.
DO NOT fall for the glitzy avionics. There is nothing wrong with a pair of King or Collins radios and an older GPS unit. The fancy cockpit panels are nice, but are more for show than function in my opinion.
To answer your question...I'd budget 12-15k per year to own a decent Cessna 172. High cost areas (like NYC, San Francisco, Chicago) may see that bleed into the 18k-20k range.
My planning:
-2400 per yr hangar (not covered parking)
-800 per yr insurance (1m smooth)
-1200/annual (plan for minor maint issues)
-2000 per yr fuel - 5 dollars/gal at 8gph
-800 per yr engine & prop (added some padding)
-1000 per yr for misc work
-2400 per yr (assuming a 200 per mo payment)
...and we're about 11,000/yr without breaking a sweat! Toss in an unplanned maintenance event, like a starter or battery or alternator or magneto or cylinder or (insert component) and you're crossing 13k real quick. Now, that does include 50hrs of flying, so you got that going for you...which is nice.
Please note I only pay 200/mo for a hangar (large city of about 1m people). I'm absurdly fortunate. The same hangar at a nearby airport is 450. Might be over 700 in the bay area. Needless to say, plan the budget with real numbers from shops, fuel providers, and hangar providers at the airport you intend to fly from. Call a few insurance brokers and get real quotes, too.