Just adding few more points to already existing answers. I agree with previous commenters - some understanding of pilot perception and context is needed.
@Claudix, the image used in your original question can be misleading for 2 reasons:
1) Both instruments are tilted to the right side on your original image. This is, however, not how pilots would see the Attitude Indicator (the instrument itself). Even if the aircraft banks, pilots do not tilt their heads. In fact, in smooth coordinated turn without outside visual clues, you won't notice that your aircraft is actually banking to the side. Your body will sense that you are perfectly level, because at the same time the lift component has been also increased.
2) On a real Western digital Attitude Indicator (display), that little aircraft silhouette in the middle might not be very distinct, as depicted on your original image. It can be also obstructed by Flight Director bars. As Ben pointed out, the most predominant line you might see is the horizon line. The horizon line is what's moving on a Western instrument, and this is what might confuse pilot. In contrast, on the Russian instrument, the aircraft silhouette is moving in front of a static horizon.
To better illustrate your question, I'm attaching this image to show 2 different ways of displaying an aircraft during banking. The upper instrument is the Western display, the bottom one is the "Russian". Both instruments are showing roughly 30 degrees banking to the left, but in two completely different ways.

I'm not a professional pilot on a large glass cockpit aircraft, but I have PPL with some Instrument flight time logged, and find that "Russian AI" might be more intuitive and easy to read in some situations.
As an example, if pilot must perform sudden and unexpected upset recovery, to correct the attitude, he might be misled by very predominant diagonal horizon line on the Western display.
The problem is - it's the horizon line which changed its position in relation to the Western AI display. Consequently, pilot under stress and / or "tunnel vision" might want to return the horizon line back to it's original position by turning the yoke in the wrong direction, with potential catastrophic consequences.