The forward speed of a carrier might not be the listed max speed, if heading into a strong headwind.
However, if the relative wind is great enough, the aircraft wings would create more lift than the weight of the plane.
There are of course issues like structure induced turbulence which might adversely impact handling. And if near equilibrium, the aircraft may never fly beyond the bow.
If planning on this type of operation, would look for a Vx (adjected for engine off or idle) relative wind to allow a reasonable climb (if you call the ascent that) to clear the structure. Also, I would plan on factoring in the ground effect of working off the carrier deck, and then having that effect reduced as altitude was gained.
Finally, from practical experience, I would expect the aircraft to become airborne prior to the stall speed, due to ground effect, probably a lighter that gross weight loading, and lots of other factors.