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Generally supersonic fighters have convergent - divergent nozzles. What is type of nozzle used in MiG-21 and MiG-27?

Also please explain that how in a convergent nozzle where the max velocity in the nozzle is limited to one mach , how can the ac still go supersonic??

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    $\begingroup$ I suggest you delete the second part of the question, because it is already answered in the question Peter Kämpf linked and because it is not related to the first part anyway. $\endgroup$
    – Jan Hudec
    Feb 11, 2016 at 18:21

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Mig-21F, the first version of Mig-21 to be called as such, used a Tumansky R-11F-300 engine, which had a (variable) convergent nozzle. Later versions used Tumansky R-13-300, which was similar to the R-11 and Tumansky R-25-300 which had variable convergent nozzles as well. The Mig-27 used the Tumansky R29B, which has a convergent-divergent nozzle according to the manufacturer's site.

In theory, the aircraft speed is not limited by the exit speed, but the extra speed imparted to a mass of air by the engine (more the $\Delta v$, more the thrust). Basically, there is nothing that prevents an aircraft with convergent nozzle from attaining supersonic speeds, albeit the system is very ineffecient.

  • If the designer is ready to accept a weight and fuel consumption penalty, he/she can use a supersonic convergent nozzle. Though this is ineffecient, for short duration, this would be acceptable.

  • Another point to note is that the high exit temperatures means that the sonic velocities in the exhaust are nuch higher than the freestream ones. This means that the difference in speed is there, though the mach number may be less.

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