This actually happened to me about two months ago.
On a very cold night, I went to do my night-currency (3 takeoffs and landings) in a Cessna SkyCatcher (C-162). The plane was hard to start due to the freezing temperatures, but eventually got it going. I did the normal run-up checks, took off, and did one loop around the pattern, coming back for a normal landing.
I made a full stop on the runway, reset the flaps, and pushed the throttle forward.
The engine instantly died. I told the tower I was stuck on the runway, and he held up some other traffic that was looking to land.
Multiple attempts to get the engine restarted failed. Eventually, the FBO sent a tug out to pull me off the runway.
Later I talked to the Chief Pilot who was aware of the problem, and most frighteningly of all, said that it definitely could happen in the air. If I had decided I needed a go-around on short-final, and pushed the throttle too quickly, it may have killed the engine when I needed it most.
I do not think that I "jammed" the throttle forward, but I may have pushed a little aggressively. I will always be very gentle on my throttle from now on. But what concerns me is those times when you need power quickly (such as a go-around near the ground), you just may not have time to do a slow-and-easy acceleration.