Reading this question about the division of airspace over the Persian Gulf reminded me of another potential issue regarding Persian Gulf airspace: the numerous territorial disputes in the area, such as the dispute between Iran and the United Arab Emirates over several islands (Abu Musa, the Greater and Lesser Tunbs, Sir Abu Nu'ayr, and Zirku) scattered over a large area of the lower end of the Gulf, and the unresolved issue of how far northwest the United Arab Emirates extend.
How is the ownership and control of the airspace over these and other disputed areas around the world (of which there are rather a lot) determined?